Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever

The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever, or “Toller,” is an active, intelligent dog known for its striking red coat and lively personality. Originally bred in Nova Scotia’s Little River district, Tollers were developed to “toll” or lure waterfowl by playfully running along the shoreline, then retrieve the birds once shot.

Tollers are energetic, independent, and quick learners. With proper training, they make excellent watchdogs and loyal family companions, though they can be wary of strangers and vocal when excited. They adapt well to apartments if given plenty of exercise and mental stimulation through activities like agility, flyball, or disc games.

This breed’s water-resistant double coat requires weekly brushing—more during shedding season—along with routine nail trimming, paw care, and ear cleaning. While generally hardy, Tollers are prone to certain health concerns, so choosing a responsible breeder is important.

With consistent training, daily activity, and an engaged family, the Toller thrives as both a working dog and a loving household companion.

Ultimate Guide To Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever Breed Information

You want a smart, energetic dog that fits real family life. Sorting through retriever breeds can feel confusing. The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever offers a lively blend of brains, drive, and affection.

This duck tolling retriever began in Canada as a clever hunting helper. The American Kennel Club places the breed in the Sporting Group and recognizes it as the smallest retriever. Tollers lure curious ducks by playing near shore, then retrieve like pros. Today, they shine as affectionate family dogs and excel in dog sports.

This guide covers history, traits, temperament, health, training, grooming, and feeding. You will also find tips on finding reputable breeders through groups like the Canadian Kennel Club. By the end, you will know if a Toller puppy or adult fits your home—or if another breed, such as the Airedale Terrier, might be a better match.

Key Takeaways

• The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever, AKC recognized since 2003, is the smallest retriever and began in 19th-century Nova Scotia for duck luring.
• Males stand 19–20 inches and weigh 45–51 pounds; females are slightly smaller with the same athletic build.
• Key health issues include Addison’s disease, hip dysplasia, thyroid disease, PRA, and autoimmune conditions. Regular screenings help protect a 10–14 year lifespan.
• This breed loves play with children, scoring 5 out of 5. Aim for at least one hour of daily exercise and early socialization.
• Find reputable breeders through the Canadian Kennel Club or AKC contacts.

History and Origin

A uniquely Canadian retriever

The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever was developed in the Little River Harbour community of Yarmouth County, Nova Scotia, in the early 1800s. Locals originally called it the Little River Duck Dog or Yarmouth Toller, reflecting a regional, working‑dog heritage shaped by fishermen and farmers rather than a single founder.

The tolling technique

“Tolling” is the fox‑like play along a shoreline that piques waterfowl curiosity, drawing ducks closer to a hidden hunter; the dog then retrieves downed birds. Contemporary and historical standards describe this behavior in detail and distinguish the Toller from other retrievers.

From Little River Duck Dog to official recognition

After generations of local breeding, the Canadian Kennel Club recognized the breed in 1945 and formalized the name Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever. The Fédération Cynologique Internationale later issued an official standard (FCI Standard No. 312), dated June 24, 1987, with subsequent republications. The United Kennel Club recognized the breed in 1987. In the United States, the AKC placed the Toller in the Miscellaneous Class in 2001 and fully recognized it in the Sporting Group effective July 1, 2003 (the AKC’s 150th breed).

Influences and foundation stock

Breed historians note that early Tollers likely descended from European “red decoy dogs” brought by settlers, then refined in Nova Scotia with crosses to local retrievers and spaniels to produce a compact, water‑ready dog with a red coat and animated tail action ideal for tolling. Much of this breeding knowledge was passed down orally within rural communities.

Near decline and revival

Despite CKC recognition, the population dwindled mid‑century; archival AKC materials record that by 1960 only 14 Tollers were on the books before dedicated breeders helped rebuild numbers and export the breed beyond Atlantic Canada. Organized fanciers and performance programs in the 2000s further cemented the Toller’s modern profile in North America.

Today’s role

From a regional duck dog to an internationally recognized retriever, the Toller now competes in field work, agility, and obedience while retaining its hallmark tolling behavior and enthusiastic retrieving drive—an enduring link to its Nova Scotia roots.

Tollers use quick movement and bright coats to pull curious ducks close.

Physical Characteristics

Males reach 18 to 21 inches and weigh 35 to 50 pounds. Females stand 17 to 20 inches with similar weight. Webbed feet act like paddles for swimming. A water repellent double coat, a topcoat plus an insulating undercoat, keeps them warm and dry after long swims.

These medium sized dogs are compact and agile. Many have white markings on the face or chest. The golden red coat is medium length. A bushy white tipped tail flags excitement during play or while retrieving downed birds.

Body and Structure

Tollers have an athletic frame built for work and play. Most adults weigh 35 to 50 pounds with only a small sex difference. A deep chest supports stamina in swimming or field tasks.

The head is clean and slightly wedge shaped, set on a medium, muscular neck. Strong shoulders lead to straight forelegs, firm pasterns, and tough paw pads. These parts help on long walks with changing routes.

Dewclaws may be removed on the front legs. Rear dewclaws are not allowed by responsible breeders under the standard. The backline stays level. Balanced hind legs provide drive without bulk. The whole package suits active families and dog sports.

Face and Expression

Almond eyes give an alert, intelligent look. The head stays clean cut and slightly wedge shaped. When ears lift, the skull looks broad and flat, which adds to the Toller’s distinct expression.

The skull is a bit longer than the muzzle, creating balance. The face stays friendly from puppy to senior years. Owners often point to the telltale sparkle during training or games.

A Toller’s face often reveals its problem solving mind before it speaks.

Coat and Color

The double coat is medium length, straight or slightly wavy, and sheds water. A thick undercoat insulates in cold water. Colors range from light orange to deep red and red gold.

White markings often appear on the chest, feet, or tail tip, labeled “WH MKGS” in records. Red (RD), Buff (BF), and Red Gold (RD GLD) are standard. Most Tollers need simple daily brushing to keep the coat healthy. Trim lightly around ears and feet for neatness.

Movement and Gait

Tollers show medium to high energy and move with purpose. Their gaits are balanced and coordinated. Webbed feet give power in water. Strong legs support quick sprints during fetch or runs.

Secure, fenced yards let them practice foxlike play that once lured ducks. They excel in agility, flyball, and fieldwork. Varied walking routes help mental stimulation and sound movement. Early conditioning protects joints and builds lifelong habits.

Temperament and Behavior

Tollers are playful, outgoing, and loyal to their people. Many enjoy long games of fetch well into adulthood. Some give a high pitched scream when very excited or alert.

They score 5 out of 5 for play with children. Supervise rough play with small kids. In training, they are smart yet sensitive. Boredom can spark unwanted behaviors like chewing or digging.

Tollers are not typically excessive barkers. They can live in apartments if you meet their exercise needs. Around strangers, some show caution, rated about 3 out of 5 for openness. With other dogs, supervise at first. Guarding toys or dog food can appear due to their working drive.

Health Considerations

Tollers are a relatively healthy breed, but some risks exist. Hip dysplasia can limit movement. Progressive retinal atrophy, or PRA, may cause vision loss over time. Middle aged Tollers may develop Addison’s disease, which affects the adrenal glands. Autoimmune issues also appear in the breed.

Responsible breeders share health clearances for hips, elbows, and eyes. Vets use blood tests and eye exams to spot inherited disease early. Balanced nutrition, steady exercise, and routine checkups support health through their 12 to 14 year lifespan.

Health information here is educational only. For more about brown spots on your dog’s skin, see our guide. For diagnosis or treatment, consult your veterinarian.

Common Concerns

Know these common issues so you can act fast if needed.

1. Addison’s disease often shows in middle age. Watch for vomiting, diarrhea, or low energy.
2. Progressive Retinal Atrophy, an inherited eye disease, can cause gradual vision loss. Annual eye exams help detect it early.
3. Hip dysplasia may cause pain or limping as dogs age. Ask about official hip evaluations.
4. Thyroid disease is fairly common. Signs include weight gain, hair loss, or infertility.
5. Autoimmune disorders, including immune mediated rheumatic disease, occur more often in this breed. Look for stiffness or recurring fevers.
6. Immune mediated conditions carry higher risk in Tollers due to genetics.
7. Breeders should use DNA screening for issues like cleft palate, syndactyly, PRA, and Juvenile Addison’s Disease, or JADD.

Regular veterinary visits across your dog’s age help manage risk and support early care.

Lifespan

Most Tollers live 10 to 14 years, which aligns with AKC guidance. Strong genetics and moderate size support longevity. Health testing by responsible breeders lowers risk and protects life quality.

Daily exercise, a healthy weight, and routine exams add years and comfort. Early care for small problems can prevent larger setbacks later.

Training Considerations

Use reward based training. Positive reinforcement means you pay good behavior with treats, toys, or praise. Avoid harsh corrections. This breed responds better to gentle guidance paired with clear rules.

Try “learn to earn.” Ask for a sit before meals or a wait at doors. Keep sessions short, about 10 to 15 minutes. That keeps focus high and boredom low.

Socialize early between eight and sixteen weeks. Meet new people, dogs, and places. This builds confidence and reduces fear later.

Set consistent expectations. Tollers can be sensitive and stubborn. If behavior slips, end play or remove attention. That natural result teaches fast and keeps training fun.

Exercise and Socialization

Tollers need plenty of activity. Plan a brisk 30 minute walk each day at minimum, plus play. Many do best with an hour or more. Fetch, swimming, and scent games burn energy and sharpen the mind.

Dog sports keep them focused and happy. Try agility, flyball, or fieldwork. Rotate activities through the week. Variety stops boredom and keeps joints limber.

Early socialization sets the tone for life. Visit safe parks, hear new sounds, and meet polite dogs. Supervise group play. Scale treats and portions to exercise level to prevent weight gain.

Living with a Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever

Active homes bring out a Toller’s best. Plan up to two hours daily for walks, fetch, water work, or agility. These dogs love joining family hikes and outdoor time.

Use puzzle toys to add mental stimulation on rest days. Without jobs, they may invent their own, like shredding boxes. After steady introductions, most get along with children and other pets.

Brush every few days. Expect heavier shedding twice a year. During that season, increase grooming and vacuum often. If you love daily adventures, a Toller will match your pace.

Best Environment

Tollers thrive where activity and training are part of daily life. Aim for at least one hour of exercise each day. A secure fence gives a safe place to run and play.

Nearby lakes or ponds are ideal for swim days. Busy families with active kids or playful dogs are a great fit. Less active homes may struggle to meet needs.

Plan daily interactive play and outdoor time. This keeps behavior on track and moods bright.

Behavior towards Children

These good family dogs earn 5 out of 5 with young children. Families praise their patience during noisy play. They bond closely and seek out shared games.

Supervise time with very young kids. Even gentle dogs can get overwhelmed. Keep handling calm and consistent. Trainers often see Tollers become the child’s favorite playmate due to energy and kindness.

Behavior towards other Pets

Tollers usually do well with other dogs, rating about 5 out of 5. Start with slow, supervised introductions. Some may guard toys or food, so set rules early.

They show moderate friendliness to unfamiliar pets, around a 3. Early socialization helps with cats and small animals. Reward calm behavior and interrupt rough play right away. Clear boundaries make multi pet homes peaceful.

Grooming Needs

Brush weekly to keep the double coat clean and smooth. During shedding season, switch to daily brushing. Pay extra attention behind and beneath the ears where tangles form. A slicker brush works well on medium length fur.

Trim hair between paw pads to improve traction. Keep ears clean and tidy. Plan regular nail trims every one to two weeks. Shedding sits around 3 out of 5. Expect heavier loss during spring and fall. Monthly tidy ups handle most needs outside big sheds.

Nutrition and Feeding

Feed a high quality dog food, either premium kibble or a balanced home diet. Talk with your veterinarian before trying homemade or raw plans. Dogs need strong protein from chicken, turkey, beef, lamb, or fish.

Match portions to life stage and activity. Puppies, adults, and seniors differ in needs. Watch treats and measure meals. Tollers can gain weight quickly if portions creep up.

Provide fresh water at all times. Add healthy carbs like brown rice or sweet potato for fiber. Adjust calories on heavy training days. Good nutrition supports heart, joints, and steady energy.

Where to find a Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever

Start with the Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever Club, USA. They offer guidance for first time owners and breed referrals to responsible breeders.

The Canadian Kennel Club and AKC websites list registered breeders who follow the standard. More than 450 AKC Rescue Network groups place Tollers in new homes. Rescue teams often have adults and sometimes puppies. Always ask about health testing, temperament, and living conditions before you decide.

Similar Dog Breeds

Several breeds share traits with the Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever. Compare their size, purpose, and temperament using this helpful table for those who own dogs.

Conclusion

The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever blends sparkling energy with family friendly manners. AKC recognition, a unique duck luring past, and strong drive make the breed stand out. Success at home looks simple. Pair daily exercise with steady training, regular grooming, and thoughtful feeding.

Use breed clubs and AKC resources to find ethical options and solid advice. If you choose a Toller, you bring home a fast learner and eager teammate. Care well, and this little river duck dog will repay you with years of fun and loyalty.

FAQs

1. What makes the Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever unique among retriever breeds?

This breed stands out for its skill in luring and retrieving waterfowl. Its playful nature, intelligence, and agility make it a top choice for active families who enjoy outdoor activities and a strong candidate among the best dog breeds for coyote hunting.

2. Are there common myths about the Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever’s temperament?

Many believe these dogs are hyperactive or difficult to train; however, with consistent guidance and positive reinforcement, they become attentive companions eager to learn.

3. How much exercise does a Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever need each day?

These retrievers require at least one hour of vigorous activity daily. Regular walks, swimming sessions, or interactive games help maintain their physical health and mental sharpness.

4. What should owners know about grooming requirements for this breed?

Their double coat sheds seasonally but needs only weekly brushing to prevent matting and control loose hair. Routine ear checks also reduce risk of infection due to their love of water activities.